Dumka district is located in the Santhal Parganas division of Jharkhand. It shares its borders with the districts of Godda and Deoghar to the east, Jamtara to the south, Pakur to the west, and Sahibganj to the north.
Dumka serves as the administrative headquarters of the Dumka district. The district is further divided into six administrative blocks, namely Dumka, Gopikandar, Jama, Jarmundi, Kathikund, and Masalia.