Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park

The Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, located off the coast of Tamil Nadu between Thoothukudi (Tuticorin) and Dhanushkodi, consists of 21 small islands and surrounding coral reefs. Established in 1986, it forms the core of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, India’s first marine biosphere reserve declared in 1989, covering about 10,500 square kilometers including a 10 km coastal buffer zone.

This park is renowned for its rich marine biodiversity, featuring three key ecosystems: coral reefs, seagrass beds, and mangroves. It supports around 4,200 species of plants and animals, including endangered species such as the dugong (sea cow), five species of turtles, dolphins, whales, and various fish and coral species. The coral reefs are often called an 'underwater tropical rainforest' due to their stunning diversity.

Public access is restricted mostly to glass-bottom boat rides, letting visitors see the vibrant marine life without disturbing the habitat. The park plays a crucial role in marine conservation, habitat protection, and supporting the ecological balance of this biologically rich coastal region.