Penukonda Fort

Penukonda Fort, located in Anantapur district of Andhra Pradesh, served as the second capital of the Vijayanagara Empire after the fall of Hampi, around the late 16th century. Known also as Ghanagiri or Ghanadri, the fort was built during the reign of Virupanna, son of King Bukka I, and was one of the strongest defenses of the empire.

Over time, it was captured by the Sultan of Golconda, later by the Mysore Kingdom, and finally by the British after Tipu Sultan’s fall. Perched on a large hill, the fort affords breathtaking views of the town below and features sturdy stone, lime, and mortar walls along with bastions and gates. Within its walls are historic structures such as the Gagan Mahal Palace, temples in various states of ruin, Babayya Darga, and an armory.

The architecture reflects a blend of Hindu and Islamic styles, with elements like the Hindu-style dome and Islamic patterned floors. The fort’s main entrance, Yerramanchi Gate, is marked by an 11-foot-high idol of Lord Hanuman. Though not well-maintained, it offers insight into the region’s rich past and demands a moderate trek for exploration.