Semoma Fort (Khonoma Fort)

Semoma Fort, also known as Khonoma Fort, is located in the Angami Naga village of Khonoma near Kohima, Nagaland, and is famously described by British Major John Butler as the strongest fort in Northeast India.

Built originally in 1825, the fort played a central role in the fierce resistance by the Angami Naga warriors against British colonial forces during the mid to late 19th century, particularly in the Anglo-Naga wars between 1850 and 1879. The fort witnessed several battles where the villagers successfully defended their territory, including the notable Battle of Khonoma in 1879, which ended after a four-month siege with a peace treaty.

Despite being demolished multiple times—in 1879, 1906, 1956—and rebuilt several times including the last reconstruction in 1990, Semoma Fort remains a proud symbol of Naga valor and resilience. It was constructed with rough-hewn stone and consists of stone fortifications that also served as shelters during conflicts. The site includes a memorial to British political officer G.H. Damant, who was killed there in 1879, alongside monuments honoring local leaders who led the defense.

Semoma Fort today stands as a significant historical and cultural landmark, reflecting the warrior heritage and spirit of the Angami people of Khonoma, known also for their sustainable village life and environmental conservation efforts.